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KMID : 0861020160310060073
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Korea Journal of Herbology
2016 Volume.31 No. 6 p.73 ~ p.81
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Effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice
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Lee Ji-Seung
Kwon Man-Jae
Kweon Su-Hyeon
Kim Jee-ho
Moon Ji-Young
Cho Yoon-Cheong
Shin Jung-Won
Lee Jong-Soo
Sohn Nak-Won
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Abstract
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Objectives : 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18betaGA) is an metabolite of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza (licorice). The present study investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect of 18betaGA on the brain tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice.
Methods : 18betaGA was administered orally with low (30 ㎎/㎏) and high (100 ㎎/㎏) doses for 3 days prior to LPS (3 ㎎/㎏) injection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 h after the LPS injection. Histological changes of Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) neurons, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method.
Results : 18betaGA significantly attenuated the up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 mRNA, and COX-2 mRNA expression in the brain tissues induced by the LPS injection. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the reductions of the thickness of CA1 and the number of CA1 neurons. The up-regulation of Bax protein expression in the hippocampal tissue by the LPS injection was significantly attenuated, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression was increased by 18betaGA treatment. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression in the CA1 of the hippocampus.
Conclusion : This results indicate that 18betaGA has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect under neuroinflammation induced by the LPS injection and suggest that 18betaGA may be a beneficial drug for various brain diseases accompanied with the brain tissue inflammation.
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KEYWORD
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8β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, Hippocamus, Neuronal apoptosis
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